淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)天然(ran)高分(fen)子多晶(jing)(jing)聚合物，由直(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和(he)(he)(he)支鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)分(fen)子形(xing)成(cheng)特定(ding)三(san)維空間結(jie)(jie)構，組成(cheng)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)顆(ke)(ke)粒結(jie)(jie)晶(jing)(jing)區和(he)(he)(he)無定(ding)形(xing)區。受制(zhi)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)多晶(jing)(jing)體系結(jie)(jie)構，天然(ran)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)存(cun)在不(bu)溶(rong)于(yu)(yu)冷水，成(cheng)膜性(xing)、加工性(xing)及貯(zhu)存(cun)性(xing)能差(cha)、凝(ning)膠(jiao)易凝(ning)沉等缺(que)陷，不(bu)適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)現代新(xin)技術、新(xin)工藝、新(xin)產品的開發(fa)(fa)應(ying)用(yong)。淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)顆(ke)(ke)粒中直(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和(he)(he)(he)支鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的分(fen)子結(jie)(jie)構特征(zheng)和(he)(he)(he)特性(xing)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，如淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)顆(ke)(ke)粒中支鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)有助(zhu)于(yu)(yu)提高淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)溶(rong)脹(zhang)能力(li)，直(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)則起抑制(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong);淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)糊化(hua)過程(cheng)中，支鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)主要存(cun)在于(yu)(yu)溶(rong)脹(zhang)顆(ke)(ke)粒中，而(er)部分(fen)直(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)游離(li)到顆(ke)(ke)粒外部形(xing)成(cheng)連續膠(jiao)體相。同(tong)(tong)(tong)種淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)中直(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)含(han)量(liang)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)使淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)分(fen)子結(jie)(jie)構和(he)(he)(he)組成(cheng)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)變化(hua)，產生(sheng)個體差(cha)異(yi)。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)具有較(jiao)優的化(hua)學成(cheng)分(fen)和(he)(he)(he)較(jiao)廣的應(ying)用(yong)領域，純度達(da)99.5%，依據其(qi)組成(cheng)中直(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和(he)(he)(he)支鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)含(han)量(liang)差(cha)異(yi)，可分(fen)為(wei)蠟質(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、普通(tong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和(he)(he)(he)高直(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)3 種常見類型。蠟質(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)中幾乎(hu)不(bu)含(han)直(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，普通(tong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)中含(han)有22%～28%直(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，而(er)高直(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)中直(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)含(han)量(liang)達(da)到55%以上。因直(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)與支鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)結(jie)(jie)構及性(xing)質(zhi)差(cha)異(yi)，使得(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)/支比(bi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)具有不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的結(jie)(jie)構和(he)(he)(he)理化(hua)性(xing)質(zhi)。

　　淀粉可通過物理、化學方法修飾獲得多種變性淀粉，作為原料廣泛應用于食品、醫藥等工業。氣流粉碎技術是淀粉物理改性的有效方法，是將干燥、凈化后的壓縮氣體通過設定噴嘴產生高速氣流，在粉碎設備腔內帶動粉體顆粒高速運動，使顆粒受到沖擊碰撞、摩擦、剪切等作用而被粉碎，粉碎顆粒隨氣流被分級并收集。氣流粉碎是制備超微粉體的有效手段之一，產品平均粒徑為0.1～10 µm，粉碎過程中產生機械力化學現象，使粉碎物料理化性質發生變化。氣流粉碎技術具有產品粒度細、分布窄、精度高、均勻性與分散性好及生產能力和自動化程度高等特點，在食品、醫藥等領域應用廣泛。Protonotariou和Angelidis等利用氣流粉碎小麥粉，處理后粉體顆粒減小，持水量增大，糊化溫度降低，微細化小麥粉更適于烘焙面包應用。Araki和Ashida等利用氣流粉碎獲得微細化大米粉和米糠，并制作大米粉面包和米糠面包，所得產品質地柔軟、色澤好、口感細膩、體積大。Antonios等利用氣流粉碎大麥粉和黑麥粉，獲得的微細化大麥粉和黑麥粉粒度明顯減小，損傷淀粉含量增加，粉體密度增大;Syahrizal等利用氣流粉碎處理脫脂大豆，處理后粉體溶解性、持水性和持油性增加，苦澀味降低;Xia Wen等利用氣流粉碎木薯淀粉，處理后淀粉晶體結構受到破壞，分子鏈降解，淀粉糊黏度降低并存在剪切稀化行為;吳俊利用沖擊板式機氣流粉碎機粉碎玉米淀(dian)粉，處理(li)后粉體晶體結構受到破(po)壞，支鏈淀(dian)粉發生斷裂，分(fen)子質量降低。

　　利用流化床氣流粉碎機對(dui)(dui)普通玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)、高直鏈(lian)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)和(he)蠟質(zhi)(zhi)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)微(wei)細化(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)，對(dui)(dui)處(chu)理(li)(li)后淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)顆粒(li)大(da)小、形貌(mao)、溶(rong)解度(du)、膨脹度(du)、凍融穩定性(xing)等(deng)結構及(ji)理(li)(li)化(hua)性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。但缺少對(dui)(dui)3 種(zhong)淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子基團、分(fen)(fen)(fen)子質(zhi)(zhi)量大(da)小及(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布、淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)老化(hua)特(te)性(xing)等(deng)結構和(he)性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)表征和(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)，以及(ji)氣流粉(fen)(fen)碎對(dui)(dui)不(bu)同鏈(lian)/支(zhi)比(bi)淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)作用效(xiao)(xiao)果的差異分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)。因(yin)此，為(wei)進(jin)一步探(tan)究(jiu)氣流超微(wei)粉(fen)(fen)碎對(dui)(dui)蠟質(zhi)(zhi)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)、普通玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)和(he)高直鏈(lian)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)結構及(ji)性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)的影響，以及(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)不(bu)同鏈(lian)/支(zhi)比(bi)淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)作用效(xiao)(xiao)果差異，本(ben)實驗利(li)用流化(hua)床(chuang)氣流粉(fen)(fen)碎機制備超微(wei)粉(fen)(fen)，研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)微(wei)細化(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)對(dui)(dui)淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)顆粒(li)形貌(mao)、晶體結構、分(fen)(fen)(fen)子基團結構、分(fen)(fen)(fen)子質(zhi)(zhi)量等(deng)微(wei)觀結構及(ji)老化(hua)特(te)性(xing)，為(wei)拓展淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)資(zi)源的理(li)(li)論(lun)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)及(ji)深度(du)開發利(li)用提供理(li)(li)論(lun)與實踐指導。

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