玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)通常(chang)按主要(yao)(yao)成分分為(wei)氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)和(he)非氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)，非氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)品種和(he)數(shu)量很少，主要(yao)(yao)有硫系玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)和(he)鹵(lu)化(hua)物(wu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)。氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)又分為(wei)硅(gui)酸(suan)鹽(yan)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)、硼酸(suan)鹽(yan)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)、磷酸(suan)鹽(yan)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)等。

　　陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)分為普通陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(傳統陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci))與(yu)特種陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(先進陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci))兩大類。其中，普通陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)是指以黏土及其天然礦物(wu)(wu)為原料，經過(guo)粉(fen)碎(sui)混合(he)、成型(xing)、焙燒等工藝(yi)過(guo)程所制得的各種制品。先進陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)按(an)成分可分為氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)、氮化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)、碳化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)、硼化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)、硅化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)、氟化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)、硫化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)等。

　　玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)陶(tao)瓷(ci)按(an)(an)基礎(chu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)組成(cheng)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)硅酸(suan)鹽(yan)，鋁硅酸(suan)鹽(yan)，硼酸(suan)鹽(yan)，及磷(lin)酸(suan)鹽(yan)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)陶(tao)瓷(ci)。按(an)(an)所用(yong)原(yuan)料(liao)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)技術微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(用(yong)一般的玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)原(yuan)料(liao))和礦(kuang)渣微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(用(yong)工(gong)礦(kuang)業廢(fei)渣等(deng)(deng)為(wei)(wei)原(yuan)料(liao));按(an)(an)外觀分(fen)為(wei)(wei)透(tou)明微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)和不透(tou)明微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li);按(an)(an)性能又(you)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)耐高溫、耐腐蝕、耐熱沖(chong)擊(ji)、高強(qiang)度、低膨脹、零(ling)膨脹、低介(jie)電損(sun)耗(hao)、易機(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)以及易化學蝕刻等(deng)(deng)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)以及壓電微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)、生物微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)。按(an)(an)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)化原(yuan)理分(fen)為(wei)(wei)光(guang)敏微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)和熱敏微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)。

　　透(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)陶瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)按成(cheng)分可分為氧化(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)透(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)陶瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)、氧化(hua)釔透(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)陶瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)、氧化(hua)鎂透(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)陶瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)、釔鋁(lv)(lv)石(shi)榴石(shi)透(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)陶瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)、鋁(lv)(lv)鎂酸透(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)陶瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)、透(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)鐵電(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)、氮化(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)透(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)陶瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)、氮氧化(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)透(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)陶瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)、鎂鋁(lv)(lv)尖晶石(shi)透(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)陶瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)等。

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