干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)性能指(zhi)(zhi)高嶺(ling)(ling)土(tu)泥料(liao)(liao)在(zai)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)的性能。包括(kuo)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)、干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)強度(du)(du)和(he)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)靈敏度(du)(du)等(deng)。干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)指(zhi)(zhi)高嶺(ling)(ling)土(tu)泥料(liao)(liao)在(zai)失水(shui)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)后產(chan)生(sheng)的收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)。高嶺(ling)(ling)土(tu)泥料(liao)(liao)一(yi)般在(zai)40—60℃至多(duo)不超過(guo)(guo)110℃溫度(du)(du)下就發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)脫水(shui)而干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)，因(yin)水(shui)分排出，顆粒(li)距離縮(suo)(suo)(suo)短，試樣的長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)和(he)體積(ji)(ji)(ji)就要發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)。干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)分線(xian)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)和(he)體收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)，以高嶺(ling)(ling)土(tu)泥料(liao)(liao)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)至恒重后長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)及體積(ji)(ji)(ji)變化的百分數表(biao)示。高嶺(ling)(ling)土(tu)的干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)線(xian)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)一(yi)般在(zai)3—10%。粒(li)度(du)(du)越(yue)細，比表(biao)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)越(yue)大，可塑性越(yue)好，干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)越(yue)大。同(tong)一(yi)類型的高嶺(ling)(ling)土(tu)，因(yin)摻合水(shui)的不同(tong)，其(qi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)也不同(tong)，多(duo)者(zhe)，收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)大。在(zai)陶瓷工藝中(zhong)，干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)過(guo)(guo)大，坯體容易(yi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)變形(xing)或開裂。

含Mn2+廢(fei)水錳(meng)是環境水質污染物(wu)的(de)重要重金屬監測指(zhi)標(biao)之一，國家明(ming)文規定工廠排放(fang)污水含錳(meng)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)化合物(wu)的(de)理想(xiang)排放(fang)質量濃度為(wei)2.0mg/L。錳(meng)在水體中的(de)價態易發生(sheng)(sheng)變化，其(qi)(qi)毒(du)性(xing)隨著價態的(de)降低而增強。過量錳(meng)的(de)攝(she)入會引(yin)起(qi)動物(wu)和植物(wu)中毒(du)，主(zhu)要表現(xian)為(wei)對人(ren)和動物(wu)的(de)神經系統產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)毒(du)害。

詹旭等(deng)(2005)進行了(le)高嶺土(tu)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)劑處理(li)含(han)錳(meng)(meng)廢(fei)水中錳(meng)(meng)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)的實驗研究。結果表明，高嶺土(tu)的理(li)想(xiang)粒度為0.177mm，pH值(zhi)控(kong)制在7.5〜8.5，常(chang)溫攪拌30min，吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)劑與水量比為12g：1L,對錳(meng)(meng)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)質量濃度為100mg/L廢(fei)水的處理(li)效果卓越(yue)，高嶺土(tu)設(she)備繁多，加工(gong)步(bu)驟繁雜，使錳(meng)(meng)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)質量濃度由100mg/L降至(zhi)0.lmg/L，錳(meng)(meng)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)的去除(chu)率超過90%，達到GB8978―1996工(gong)業(ye)廢(fei)水排(pai)放(fang)的一級標準。高嶺土(tu)對錳(meng)(meng)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)的等(deng)溫吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)曲線符合Freundlich模型，其吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)機理(li)主(zhu)要是吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)作用和沉淀作用。

石(shi)與(yu)(yu)溶液(ye)接觸時，通(tong)過攪(jiao)拌，固、液(ye)兩相發生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)轉移(yi)，從而使高(gao)(gao)(gao)嶺(ling)石(shi)晶體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，此時高(gao)(gao)(gao)嶺(ling)石(shi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)兩種(zhong)不同(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)屬(shu)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)端面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。其層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)晶體(ti)結構中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Al3+、Si4+易被帶(dai)有較(jiao)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽離子(zi)取代(dai)，帶(dai)恒定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)(he);其端面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)受溶液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)pH值影響(xiang)，在酸性(xing)(xing)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)帶(dai)正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，在堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)帶(dai)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)嶺(ling)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產設(she)備是生(sheng)產高(gao)(gao)(gao)嶺(ling)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要工具，一定要慎重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇好，在吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)錳離子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)驗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)嶺(ling)石(shi)內部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Al3+、Si4+易被溶液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Mn2+取代(dai)，降(jiang)解(jie)了(le)部(bu)(bu)分Mn2+;在弱堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，端面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)帶(dai)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)也(ye)對(dui)(dui)Mn2+有一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)作用。層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)與(yu)(yu)端面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共同(tong)(tong)效應使高(gao)(gao)(gao)嶺(ling)石(shi)對(dui)(dui)廢水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Mn2+有較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)能力，而且吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Mn2+穩定，難以(yi)解(jie)吸(xi)(xi)，不會造成再次污(wu)染(ran)。因此，高(gao)(gao)(gao)嶺(ling)石(shi)去除污(wu)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錳離子(zi)主要是吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)作用，表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)嶺(ling)石(shi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)絡合吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)、陽離子(zi)交換吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)、端面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)正(zheng)(zheng)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)吸(xi)(xi)引引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)等(deng)。總之，高(gao)(gao)(gao)嶺(ling)土(tu)能有效地處(chu)理含錳廢水(shui)(shui)，是基于高(gao)(gao)(gao)嶺(ling)土(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)嶺(ling)石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)永(yong)久負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)和(he)在堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)端面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)，易與(yu)(yu)廢水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Mn2+發生(sheng)交換吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)作用，從而達到降(jiang)低(di)Mn2+質(zhi)量濃度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果。

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