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高嶺土有機插層機理 埃爾派定制化高嶺土加工設備

山東埃(ai)爾派 |   點擊量:0次(ci) |  2020-03-10

摘要
目前各行各業對非金屬礦物填料的要求越來越高,特別是對產品粒度的超細化要求,對于高嶺土煅燒后(白粉)的分級,目前國內很多廠家使用的是國內生產的普通型分級機,對于2微米產品百

  目(mu)前各(ge)(ge)行(xing)各(ge)(ge)業對(dui)非(fei)金屬礦物(wu)填料的(de)要求越來(lai)越高(gao)(gao),特別是對(dui)產品(pin)粒(li)度(du)的(de)超細化要求,對(dui)于(yu)高(gao)(gao)嶺(ling)(ling)土(tu)煅燒后(白(bai)粉)的(de)分級(ji),目(mu)前國內(nei)很多(duo)廠(chang)(chang)家(jia)使用(yong)的(de)是國內(nei)生(sheng)產的(de)普通(tong)型分級(ji)機,對(dui)于(yu)2微米產品(pin)百(bai)分點的(de)提高(gao)(gao)效果微乎其微,只是起(qi)到過濾大(da)顆(ke)粒(li)的(de)作用(yong),有些(xie)高(gao)(gao)嶺(ling)(ling)土(tu)廠(chang)(chang)家(jia)甚至(zhi)把這(zhe)(zhe)種分級(ji)設備閑置起(qi)來(lai),既浪費了(le)投(tou)資又延誤了(le)好的(de)市場時機,這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)情況在國內(nei)眾(zhong)多(duo)著名的(de)高(gao)(gao)嶺(ling)(ling)土(tu)廠(chang)(chang)家(jia)都實際(ji)存在。

  高嶺土(tu)有機插層機理

  (1)插(cha)(cha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)作(zuo)用(yong)及插(cha)(cha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)復合物:高嶺(ling)土(tu)加工設(she)備是(shi)典型(xing)的(de)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)狀(zhuang)硅(gui)酸鹽(yan)礦物,其晶體(ti)結構(gou)是(shi)由硅(gui)氧四(si)面體(ti)和鋁氧八面體(ti)片層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),在(zai)(zai)c軸方向(xiang)上(shang)交替排列而(er)形成的(de)1:1型(xing)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)狀(zhuang)結構(gou)。層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)內為(wei)強(qiang)烈(lie)的(de)共價鍵作(zuo)用(yong),層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)則是(shi)氫鍵作(zuo)用(yong)。在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)條件下,某些物質(zhi)可以克(ke)服層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)氫鍵插(cha)(cha)入層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)空隙(xi),而(er)不(bu)破壞其原(yuan)有(you)的(de)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)狀(zhuang)結構(gou),這種(zhong)作(zuo)用(yong)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)插(cha)(cha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)作(zuo)用(yong)。通常將(jiang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)狀(zhuang)硅(gui)酸鹽(yan)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)主體(ti),被插(cha)(cha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)有(you)機分(fen)子(zi)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)客(ke)體(ti)或插(cha)(cha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)劑,由插(cha)(cha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)作(zuo)用(yong)形成的(de)化合物稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)插(cha)(cha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)復合物。高嶺(ling)土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)不(bu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)可以用(yong)來置換的(de)離子(zi),而(er)且層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)氫鍵的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)強(qiang),因(yin)此只有(you)少數有(you)機分(fen)子(zi)能(neng)夠直(zhi)接(jie)插(cha)(cha)入高嶺(ling)土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian),如二(er)甲(jia)基(ji)亞砜(DMSO)、肼、甲(jia)酰胺、乙(yi)酰胺、N-甲(jia)基(ji)甲(jia)酰胺、乙(yi)酸銫、乙(yi)酸鉀、乙(yi)酸銨等(deng)。有(you)些分(fen)子(zi)雖不(bu)能(neng)直(zhi)接(jie)進入層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian),但(dan)可以通過取代(dai)、夾(jia)帶的(de)方式間(jian)接(jie)進入高嶺(ling)土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian),如甲(jia)醇、苯甲(jia)酰胺(BZ)、脂(zhi)肪酸鹽(yan)、1,4-丁二(er)醇、對硝基(ji)苯胺、烷基(ji)胺等(deng)。

  (2)高(gao)嶺(ling)土(tu)插(cha)(cha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)反應的(de)(de)機理(li):曹秀華等(2003)認(ren)為(wei),高(gao)嶺(ling)土(tu)生產設備的(de)(de)插(cha)(cha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)反應是(shi)通過層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鍵(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)斷(duan)裂以(yi)(yi)及和插(cha)(cha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分子(zi)(zi)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)新的(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鍵(jian)(jian)而(er)實(shi)現的(de)(de)。也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)說是(shi)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)轉移機理(li)。對質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)給體(ti)和質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)受體(ti)而(er)言(yan),形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鍵(jian)(jian)并不相(xiang)同(tong)。質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)給體(ti),如尿素和酰胺類物質(zhi)含(han)-NH2-,通過和硅氯層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)氧(yang)原子(zi)(zi)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鍵(jian)(jian)而(er)插(cha)(cha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),由于(yu)(yu)(yu)氧(yang)是(shi)比較(jiao)弱(ruo)的(de)(de)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)受體(ti),因此這(zhe)類氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鍵(jian)(jian)作(zuo)用(yong)力較(jiao)弱(ruo)。而(er)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)受體(ti),如乙酸鉀和DMSO含(han)有可(ke)以(yi)(yi)接受質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)官能團(tuan)-C=O-或-S=O-,和鋁氯層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)羥基(ji)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鍵(jian)(jian)C=O―HO―A1或S=O-HO-A1而(er)吸附于(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)嶺(ling)土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間。同(tong)時具(ju)有兩(liang)種官能團(tuan)的(de)(de)插(cha)(cha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)劑,如尿素(C=O,-NH2),有可(ke)能同(tong)時形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上述兩(liang)種氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鍵(jian)(jian),溫度為(wei)298K時,尿素通過一(yi)NH2和高(gao)嶺(ling)土(tu)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鍵(jian)(jian),而(er)77K時,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)同(tong)時形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上述兩(liang)種氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鍵(jian)(jian)。王(wang)煉石等(2002)頭批提出(chu)醇鈉奪氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)插(cha)(cha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)理(li)論,制備了(le)插(cha)(cha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)型高(gao)嶺(ling)土(tu)。

  由于這兩類氫(qing)(qing)鍵(jian)相對來(lai)說都比較弱,因(yin)此小(xiao)分子(zi)(zi)插層(ceng)高嶺(ling)(ling)土不穩定(ding),水洗(xi)、在空氣(qi)中加熱或降(jiang)低插層(ceng)劑的濃度等,都有可(ke)能導致小(xiao)分子(zi)(zi)的脫嵌(qian),插層(ceng)高嶺(ling)(ling)土回復到(dao)原來(lai)的晶(jing)體結構(gou)。插層(ceng)高嶺(ling)(ling)土的穩定(ding)性和形(xing)成氫(qing)(qing)鍵(jian)的個數有關,形(xing)成氫(qing)(qing)鍵(jian)越多,插層(ceng)高嶺(ling)(ling)土越穩定(ding)。FA-地開(kai)石(shi)、MFA-地開(kai)石(shi)、DMSO-高嶺(ling)(ling)土分別(bie)可(ke)以形(xing)成4個、3個、2個氫(qing)(qing)鍵(jian)。因(yin)此形(xing)成插層(ceng)物的穩定(ding)性順序(xu)為(wei):FA-地開(kai)石(shi)、MFA-地開(kai)石(shi)、DMSO-高嶺(ling)(ling)土。

  (3)插(cha)層熱力學(xue):熱力學(xue)基本原(yuan)理認(ren)為,任何一個化學(xue)反(fan)應能夠自發進行的(de)條件是:在等溫等壓的(de)條件下,反(fan)應的(de)AG應該小(xiao)于零(ling)。

  有機分子(zi)插入高(gao)嶺(ling)土層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間后,分子(zi)趨于(yu)有序排列,熱力學上(shang)是個熵減的過程,即(ji)△S<0。插層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)能否進(jin)(jin)行(xing)就取決于(yu)插層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)的焓變△H。插層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)一般(ban)為放熱反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying),即(ji)△H<0。則當|△H|>T|△S|時(shi)(shi),反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)體系的△G<0,即(ji)插層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)過程可以進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。這(zhe)表明(ming),只(zhi)有當有機插層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分子(zi)與高(gao)嶺(ling)土層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間存在特定的相互作用(yong)時(shi)(shi),才(cai)能使插層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)得(de)以進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。這(zhe)些相互作用(yong)包括離子(zi)交換、酸-堿(jian)作用(yong)、氧化還原作用(yong)和配位作用(yong)。

  對(dui)于煤(mei)系高嶺土煅(duan)燒(shao)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研磨和天然高嶺石(shi)煅(duan)燒(shao)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加工山(shan)東埃(ai)爾(er)派粉體科(ke)技(ji)有限公(gong)司采用(yong)(yong)國(guo)際標(biao)準配置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)球磨機+分級機系統。根據(ju)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu),采用(yong)(yong)不同類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分級機和分級技(ji)術,通過分級機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調節,使產品(pin)和粒度分布不僅(jin)滿(man)足用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現時需(xu)要(yao),而且(qie)滿(man)足不斷(duan)增長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)未來需(xu)求(qiu)。

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