隨著(zhu)當今世界對金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)需(xu)求量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)不斷增(zeng)大(da)和迫(po)于環境的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)，冶(ye)金(jin)(jin)爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)變成了人們研究和利(li)(li)用的(de)(de)(de)對象之(zhi)一。冶(ye)金(jin)(jin)爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)主(zhu)要有鋼鐵渣(zha)(zha)(zha)、有色(se)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)、化工(gong)(gong)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)、煤灰渣(zha)(zha)(zha)等(deng)四大(da)類。常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)有色(se)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)主(zhu)要有銅(tong)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)、鋅浸出(chu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)、鉛(qian)鼓風(feng)爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)、錫渣(zha)(zha)(zha)、鎳(nie)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)、赤(chi)泥等(deng)。而銅(tong)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)作為(wei)一種重要的(de)(de)(de)二次金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)資(zi)源，其中含有大(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)可利(li)(li)用資(zi)源，現代煉銅(tong)工(gong)(gong)藝側重于提高生產效率，渣(zha)(zha)(zha)中的(de)(de)(de)殘余銅(tong)含量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)加，回收這部分銅(tong)資(zi)源是現階段處理銅(tong)冶(ye)煉渣(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。

　　由(you)于(yu)煉銅爐渣(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)特性(xing)不盡(jin)相同，常用的(de)(de)回收(shou)爐渣(zha)(zha)中(zhong)金屬的(de)(de)方法(fa)有(you)(you)選(xuan)礦法(fa)、濕法(fa)分離法(fa)、火法(fa)貧化法(fa)。其中(zhong)，選(xuan)礦法(fa)是(shi)從(cong)爐渣(zha)(zha)中(zhong)回收(shou)銅金屬最有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)方法(fa)，具有(you)(you)能耗低、回收(shou)率高的(de)(de)特點(dian)。國(guo)內外(wai)現有(you)(you)的(de)(de)爐渣(zha)(zha)選(xuan)礦生產流程和工藝都以處理單一爐渣(zha)(zha)，特別(bie)是(shi)以處理轉爐渣(zha)(zha)為(wei)主來制定，就(jiu)平(ping)均先進水平(ping)而論，其技術(shu)水平(ping)國(guo)內與國(guo)外(wai)大致相當。但(dan)仍然存在以下(xia)幾個共性(xing)問(wen)題：

　　(1)根據冶煉工藝的不同，銅(tong)渣(zha)中(zhong)金屬銅(tong)為總(zong)銅(tong)的20%左右，且銅(tong)渣(zha)中(zhong)金銀賦存狀態不明，缺(que)乏調控手段(duan)，造成(cheng)銅(tong)、金、銀損失率(lv)高;

　　(2)銅渣(zha)分為水淬渣(zha)和緩冷渣(zha)，其中對緩冷結晶過(guo)程缺乏(fa)認識，渣(zha)選廠(chang)普遍只(zhi)關注銅的回(hui)收，為關注金(jin)銀賦存狀(zhuang)態，對單質銅的強化回(hui)收關注也不(bu)夠;

　　(3)銅(tong)渣硬度(du)極(ji)高(gao)，傳統磨礦設備難以滿(man)足生產要求，高(gao)8強度(du)磨礦產生高(gao)溫礦漿，影響后續浮選過程(cheng)。

　　為了(le)(le)更好地提高(gao)(gao)全廠(chang)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)回(hui)收率，并協同(tong)(tong)回(hui)收銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)渣(zha)中金(jin)(jin)(jin)、銀等有價金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬，優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)作業(ye)指(zhi)標，提升生產效率，紫(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)礦業(ye)集團(tuan)股份有限(xian)公下(xia)屬紫(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)業(ye)有限(xian)公司針(zhen)對此(ci)問(wen)題進(jin)行了(le)(le)深入(ru)研究，通過探(tan)索銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)渣(zha)中含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)相的(de)(de)富集與(yu)長大規(gui)律，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)相的(de)(de)并聚與(yu)長大，從根源(yuan)上(shang)強化(hua)(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)渣(zha)的(de)(de)可選性;針(zhen)對高(gao)(gao)硬(ying)度(du)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)渣(zha)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)磨(mo)礦效率低、設備維護(hu)成(cheng)本高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)問(wen)題，優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)了(le)(le)鋼(gang)球高(gao)(gao)度(du)提升效果，綜合增大了(le)(le)半自磨(mo)機中鋼(gang)球的(de)(de)重(zhong)力(li)勢能;最后，揭示了(le)(le)金(jin)(jin)(jin)、銀在銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)冶(ye)煉渣(zha)中的(de)(de)賦(fu)存規(gui)律，針(zhen)對銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)渣(zha)中金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)顆粒多、比重(zhong)大、浮選過程溫度(du)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)特點(dian)，開發了(le)(le)高(gao)(gao)溫溢流浮選裝(zhuang)置和高(gao)(gao)礦漿濃度(du)浮選工(gong)藝，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)、銀的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)效協同(tong)(tong)回(hui)收。

　　經(jing)中(zhong)國(guo)黃(huang)金協會2019 年度黃(huang)金行業科技(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)果鑒(jian)定(ding)，該項目(mu)(mu)研(yan)究成(cheng)(cheng)果達(da)到(dao)了國(guo)際(ji)先進水(shui)平。此(ci)外，該項目(mu)(mu)申請專利9 篇(pian)，發表(biao)論文10 篇(pian)。目(mu)(mu)前，該項目(mu)(mu)研(yan)究成(cheng)(cheng)果已在紫金銅業有限(xian)公司完成(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)果轉化，累計新(xin)增(zeng)產值近億元，新(xin)增(zeng)利潤3000 多萬(wan)元。項目(mu)(mu)技(ji)(ji)術經(jing)濟指標先進，經(jing)濟、社會效益顯著(zhu)。

　　來(lai)源：中國黃金(jin)協會

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