山東埃(ai)爾派 | 點(dian)擊量:0次 | 2019-11-26
哪些因素影響著鋰電池的性能和壽命?
上世(shi)紀70年代,M. S. Whittingham開始研究(jiu)鋰離(li)子電池。后(hou)來,他(ta)被(bei)稱為(wei)“鋰充電電池之父”,并于2019年榮獲諾貝爾化學獎。
由于鋰金(jin)屬的化(hua)學(xue)性質十分(fen)活潑,特別容易發生化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying),使(shi)得鋰金(jin)屬的加工、保存、使(shi)用,對環(huan)境要求非常高(gao)。同時,鋰電(dian)池內(nei)部是一個復雜的化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)體(ti)系(xi),對存放環(huan)境要求很高(gao)。
那到底哪(na)些(xie)因(yin)素影響著鋰電池的(de)性能和壽命?日常使用中,我們應該如(ru)何延長它(ta)的(de)使用壽命呢?
一、放電深度與(yu)可充電次(ci)數
可充電(dian)次(ci)(ci)數和放(fang)電(dian)深(shen)度有關,電(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)深(shen)度越深(shen),可充電(dian)次(ci)(ci)數就越少。可充電(dian)次(ci)(ci)數*放(fang)電(dian)深(shen)度=總充電(dian)周期(qi)完成(cheng)(cheng)次(ci)(ci)數,總充電(dian)周期(qi)完成(cheng)(cheng)次(ci)(ci)數越高,代表電(dian)池的壽(shou)(shou)命越高,即:可充電(dian)次(ci)(ci)數*放(fang)電(dian)深(shen)度=實(shi)際電(dian)池壽(shou)(shou)命
二、過充(chong)、過放、以及大的充(chong)電和放電電流
任(ren)何形式的過(guo)充都會(hui)導致鋰電池性能受(shou)到嚴重破壞(huai),甚至爆炸,要避免對電池產生過(guo)充。
同時,要避(bi)免低(di)于2V或2.5V的深度放電(dian),否(fou)則(ze)將迅速(su)永久性損壞鋰離子電(dian)池,還(huan)可能發生內部(bu)金屬鍍(du)敷,引(yin)起(qi)短路,使(shi)電(dian)池不(bu)可用或不(bu)安全。此(ci)外,還(huan)要避(bi)免大的充(chong)電(dian)和放電(dian)電(dian)流,因為大電(dian)流給電(dian)池施加了(le)過大的壓力。
三、過熱或過冷環境(jing)
溫(wen)度(du)對鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)影響較(jiao)大。零(ling)度(du)以下環境很可能使鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在電(dian)子(zi)產品(pin)打開的瞬(shun)間被燒毀,反(fan)之過熱(re)的環境則會縮減電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的容量。在炙(zhi)熱(re)的日照下或是高溫(wen)悶(men)熱(re)的汽車(che)里,可以關閉數碼產品(pin),因(yin)為一旦(dan)運行溫(wen)度(du)超過60℃,鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)會加速老(lao)化。鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)溫(wen)度(du)范(fan)圍:0-45℃,鋰離子(zi)放電(dian)溫(wen)度(du)范(fan)圍:0-60℃。
四、長時(shi)間(jian)滿電(dian)、無電(dian)狀態
過高或(huo)過低的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)狀態,都不利(li)于(yu)維持鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的壽命(ming)。長期處于(yu)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)或(huo)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)狀態時(shi),鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子移動所受到的阻力(li)會增加(jia),導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)減小,鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池最好(hao)是處于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的中間狀態,即50%電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)下,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命(ming)最長。通常情(qing)況(kuang)下,維持10%-90%的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)有利(li)于(yu)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。
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