鈦(tai)(tai)(tai)白(bai)粉是一(yi)種(zhong)良好(hao)的白(bai)色(se)顏料，主要應(ying)用(yong)在涂料、油漆、化(hua)纖、橡膠中，沒有經過表(biao)面處理的鈦(tai)(tai)(tai)白(bai)粉材料具(ju)有較強的光(guang)化(hua)學活性(xing)，在紫外線照射(she)下有機物會發生降解，光(guang)度降低、變黃(huang)、粉化(hua)[1]。所以，耐候性(xing)是鈦(tai)(tai)(tai)白(bai)粉的重要應(ying)用(yong)標(biao)準，研究鈦(tai)(tai)(tai)白(bai)粉表(biao)面處理工藝有助(zhu)于(yu)提升(sheng)鈦(tai)(tai)(tai)白(bai)粉質量，無機包(bao)覆改(gai)性(xing)研究具(ju)有重要意(yi)義。

　　鈦(tai)白粉無機包覆方法(fa)類型(xing)

　　第(di)一(yi)，干法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)。該種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是利用氣流載(zai)帶(dai)作(zuo)用，通(tong)過噴霧讓金(jin)屬鹵(lu)化(hua)物依(yi)附在鈦白粉(fen)(fen)顆粒(li)中(zhong)。隨后(hou)(hou)，通(tong)熱(re)蒸(zheng)汽實(shi)現水(shui)解(jie)。這種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)具有操(cao)作(zuo)簡單、經(jing)濟(ji)投入少、自(zi)動化(hua)控(kong)制程度高等特點[2]。其(qi)不足(zu)為控(kong)制困難、產(chan)品不穩定、顆粒(li)生長較(jiao)快。第(di)二，濕(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)。這種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)主要(yao)利用水(shui)實(shi)現包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)，包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括煮(zhu)沸法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、中(zhong)和(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、碳化(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。首先，煮(zhu)沸法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，熱(re)環境(jing)下包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)劑(ji)(ji)分解(jie)依(yi)附于顆粒(li)外(wai)層實(shi)現包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)，但過程控(kong)制困難、難以達到完全分解(jie)。其(qi)次，中(zhong)和(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)分為三種(zhong)，堿中(zhong)和(he)與沉淀(dian)酸性(xing)(xing)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)劑(ji)(ji)、酸中(zhong)和(he)與沉淀(dian)堿性(xing)(xing)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)劑(ji)(ji)、酸性(xing)(xing)與堿性(xing)(xing)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)劑(ji)(ji)沉淀(dian)。最后(hou)(hou)，碳化(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)指的是把二氧化(hua)碳連接至帶(dai)有包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)劑(ji)(ji)的鈦白粉(fen)(fen)懸浮液，讓包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)劑(ji)(ji)在顆粒(li)外(wai)層逐漸沉淀(dian)形(xing)成薄膜(mo)。這種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)主要(yao)應用到Si-Al 復合包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)，其(qi)膜(mo)均勻(yun)、穩定。鈦白粉(fen)(fen)無機包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)分析

　　鈦(tai)白粉無機包覆分析(xi)

　　為了提(ti)高(gao)(gao)二氧化鈦顏料的(de)耐(nai)候(hou)(hou)性(xing)，通常對(dui)二氧化鈦進行無(wu)機表面包膜處理(li)，將二氧化鈦與周圍的(de)有(you)機物隔(ge)離(li)，以提(ti)高(gao)(gao)其耐(nai)候(hou)(hou)性(xing)及分(fen)(fen)散性(xing)。包膜前要將鈦白粉顆粒分(fen)(fen)散于水中，使待包裹的(de)顆粒達(da)到(dao)最佳(jia)分(fen)(fen)散狀態，且擁有(you)最為合適的(de)粘度，以便在(zai)每個(ge)顆粒表面沉淀出(chu)完整的(de)膜層(ceng)，在(zai)鈦白粉漿(jiang)料中添加分(fen)(fen)散劑可以顯著提(ti)高(gao)(gao)鈦白粉的(de)分(fen)(fen)散效果[3]。接下來，對(dui)鈦白粉無(wu)機包覆展開分(fen)(fen)析。

　　無機包覆

　　第(di)(di)(di)一，氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。鈦(tai)白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，水合(he)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)在(zai)TiO2 顆粒外(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)逐(zhu)漸形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)層(ceng)(ceng)。包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)層(ceng)(ceng)水合(he)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)在(zai)不同的(de)酸(suan)(suan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)環境下呈現(xian)的(de)物(wu)相差異(yi)顯(xian)著(zhu)。酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)條件(jian)下生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)無(wu)定(ding)型凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao); 堿(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)條件(jian)下形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)拜(bai)耳石。通過(guo)(guo)對包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)層(ceng)(ceng)水合(he)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)物(wu)相調(diao)查發現(xian)，60% 以(yi)(yi)拜(bai)耳石形(xing)式(shi)存(cun)在(zai)，40% 為(wei)(wei)無(wu)定(ding)型水凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。在(zai)不同的(de)酸(suan)(suan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)條件(jian)下成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)致密性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)顯(xian)著(zhu)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)中和(he)迅(xun)速能(neng)夠生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)稀松海綿狀包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)膜(mo)(mo)(mo); 若速度(du)緩慢(man)(man)則(ze)(ze)(ze)會生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)致密膜(mo)(mo)(mo)[4]。酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)環境， Al-OH 沉(chen)(chen)淀迅(xun)速，TiO2 顆粒外(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)迅(xun)速沉(chen)(chen)淀形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)致密薄膜(mo)(mo)(mo)。堿(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)環境則(ze)(ze)(ze)會生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)松散膜(mo)(mo)(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)。具體(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)產流(liu)程(cheng)為(wei)(wei) ：鈦(tai)白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)漿并(bing)散開，偏鋁(lv)酸(suan)(suan)鈉作為(wei)(wei)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)劑，氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)量(liang)是鈦(tai)白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)質量(liang)的(de)4%，通過(guo)(guo)并(bing)流(liu)法監測(ce)溫度(du)狀態(tai)與酸(suan)(suan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)約(yue)4h，熟化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)2h 獲得鈦(tai)白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)產品(pin)。第(di)(di)(di)二，SiO2 包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。無(wu)定(ding)型水合(he)SiO2 生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后，硅(gui)酸(suan)(suan)鈉酸(suan)(suan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)Si(OH)4 狀態(tai)的(de)正硅(gui)酸(suan)(suan)，溶(rong)(rong)液內包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)含正硅(gui)酸(suan)(suan)水解產物(wu)，無(wu)偏硅(gui)酸(suan)(suan)離(li)子(zi)。TiO2 顆粒外(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)存(cun)在(zai)烴基，硅(gui)酸(suan)(suan)依附(fu)(fu)其(qi)外(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)和(he)烴基縮合(he)生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縮合(he)點，迅(xun)速聚合(he)生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)致密硅(gui)酸(suan)(suan)合(he)物(wu)。在(zai)鈦(tai)白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)外(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)不斷(duan)生(sheng)(sheng)長，通過(guo)(guo)陳化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)致密無(wu)SiO2 ·nH2O的(de)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)。由此(ci)可見(jian)，鈦(tai)白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)SiO2 既有(you)單一物(wu)理吸附(fu)(fu)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，又有(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學鍵合(he)效果(guo)(guo)(guo)。有(you)學者對鈦(tai)白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)SiO2 分(fen)析，提出(chu)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)為(wei)(wei)溶(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)- 凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。其(qi)加工流(liu)程(cheng)為(wei)(wei) ：將SiO2 作為(wei)(wei)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)劑，通過(guo)(guo)并(bing)流(liu)法使pH保持在(zai)9～10，溫度(du)約(yue)90℃，熟化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)2h。第(di)(di)(di)三，二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)(gao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。鈦(tai)白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)單元包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)(gao)，包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)劑包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)含四氯(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)(gao)、硫酸(suan)(suan)鋯(gao)(gao)(gao)、氯(lv)(lv)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)(gao)、硝酸(suan)(suan)鋯(gao)(gao)(gao)。其(qi)中，硫酸(suan)(suan)鋯(gao)(gao)(gao)、氯(lv)(lv)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)(gao)經濟(ji)投(tou)入少(shao)、無(wu)污染(ran)，現(xian)已在(zai)工業生(sheng)(sheng)產中得到了推廣運(yun)用。其(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)原理為(wei)(wei) ：二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)(gao)單元包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)呈烴基水合(he)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)(gao)形(xing)式(shi)，具有(you)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)、吸附(fu)(fu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)強的(de)特點，與TiO2 顆粒外(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)烴基縮合(he)生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)Zr-O-Ti 鍵，穩定(ding)鍵合(he)在(zai)鈦(tai)白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)顆粒外(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)。中和(he)緩慢(man)(man)時，溶(rong)(rong)液內溶(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)緩慢(man)(man)，溶(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和(he)鈦(tai)白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)顆粒碰撞率(lv)高于溶(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)率(lv)，有(you)助于生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)致密膜(mo)(mo)(mo)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)中和(he)迅(xun)速則(ze)(ze)(ze)溶(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)核(he)快速，水合(he)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)(gao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)核(he)，吸附(fu)(fu)在(zai)鈦(tai)白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)顆粒外(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)呈島(dao)狀不持續(xu)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)。具體(ti)加工流(liu)程(cheng)為(wei)(wei) ：將ZrOCl2 作為(wei)(wei)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)劑，酸(suan)(suan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)度(du)控制在(zai)10，包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)溫度(du)約(yue)60℃，包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)時間約(yue)4h，熟化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)2h。

　　埃爾(er)派位于山(shan)東省濰坊市安丘市先進制造業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)園，擁有逾50000平(ping)方(fang)米的(de)(de)機(ji)械生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)和(he)現(xian)代化的(de)(de)管理制度(du)，自成立(li)以(yi)來(lai)，牢記“以(yi)粉體技術(shu)開創(chuang)先進材料的(de)(de)未來(lai)”的(de)(de)使(shi)命，秉(bing)承(cheng)“合規篤信，和(he)合共生”的(de)(de)價值(zhi)觀，制定了(le)“不(bu)求(qiu)所有，但(dan)求(qiu)所用”的(de)(de)人才戰略，與(yu)多所高(gao)等院校合作簽署“產(chan)學研”發展計(ji)劃。

　　由埃(ai)爾派自主研(yan)制的(de)粉碎機、分級機，以及顆粒整形(xing)、包(bao)覆、修(xiu)飾等關鍵(jian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)突破，打破了國(guo)外技(ji)(ji)術(shu)壁壘(lei)，填補了國(guo)內行業(ye)(ye)(ye)空白，大大推進了醫藥、食(shi)品、化工、礦物、新(xin)材料、固廢處理(li)等領域的(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)進步和產業(ye)(ye)(ye)升級。先后(hou)榮(rong)獲科技(ji)(ji)部“科技(ji)(ji)型中小企業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)創新(xin)基金”、“山(shan)(shan)東省首批瞪羚(ling)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)”、“山(shan)(shan)東省隱形(xing)冠軍(jun)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)”、“高新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)”、“中國(guo)專利(li)山(shan)(shan)東明(ming)星(xing)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)”等榮(rong)譽(yu)稱號。

　　從問題咨詢到方(fang)案(an)(an)設計，埃(ai)爾(er)派為客(ke)戶(hu)提(ti)供(gong)最專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)解(jie)答和最全面的(de)解(jie)決(jue)辦法，并(bing)協助客(ke)戶(hu)擬定(ding)施(shi)工方(fang)案(an)(an)，為客(ke)戶(hu)提(ti)供(gong)最專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)“保姆級(ji)”私人訂制服務。埃(ai)爾(er)派已服務超(chao)過3000家海內外(wai)客(ke)戶(hu)，銷路遍布亞、非、歐、美與大洋洲的(de)100多個國家和地區，歸納統計了上萬種物料的(de)超(chao)微粉碎分級(ji)解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案(an)(an)，贏得(de)了客(ke)戶(hu)們的(de)廣(guang)泛贊譽。

　　埃爾派建造的超微粉碎的實驗室凈化間內，配備小試、中試、小生產的超微粉氣流粉碎機、粒徑檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)、粉體(ti)特(te)性檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)相關的儀器，可(ke)以精確分析不同原(yuan)(yuan)料的性質，提供5g-50kg批量的原(yuan)(yuan)料加(jia)工，豐富的微粉經驗(yan)和專業的粉碎(sui)設備(bei)可(ke)以大幅縮短需(xu)求方(fang)的研發周期，并(bing)解決(jue)原(yuan)(yuan)料微粉化(hua)過程中遇到的各種(zhong)問題，歡迎(ying)有需(xu)要的朋友來電垂詢!

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