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生石灰

山東埃爾派 |  點(dian)擊量:0次(ci) |  2019-11-13

摘要
生石灰,又稱燒石灰,主要成分為氧化鈣(化學式:CaO,又稱云石),通常制法為將主要成分為碳酸鈣的天然巖石,在高溫下煅燒,即可分解生成二氧化碳以及氧化鈣。
凡是以碳酸鈣為主要成分的天然巖石,如石灰巖、白堊、白云質石灰巖等,都可用來生產石灰。在沿海地區有用貝殼作原料,經燒制成殼灰,作生石灰用。

  生(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)灰,又稱燒(shao)石(shi)灰,主(zhu)要成(cheng)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)氧(yang)化鈣(gai)(化學式:CaO,又稱云(yun)石(shi)),通(tong)常制法為(wei)(wei)將主(zhu)要成(cheng)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)碳酸(suan)鈣(gai)的天(tian)然巖石(shi),在(zai)高(gao)溫下(xia)煅燒(shao),即可分(fen)解生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)二氧(yang)化碳以及氧(yang)化鈣(gai)。

  凡(fan)是以碳酸鈣為主(zhu)要成分的天然巖(yan)石(shi),如石(shi)灰巖(yan)、白堊、白云質石(shi)灰巖(yan)等,都(dou)可用(yong)來生產石(shi)灰。在沿(yan)海地區(qu)有用(yong)貝殼(ke)作原料,經燒制成殼(ke)灰,作生石(shi)灰用(yong)。

  在實際生(sheng)產中(zhong)(zhong),為加快分解(jie),煅燒(shao)溫(wen)度常(chang)提(ti)高到(dao)1000~1100℃。由于石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原料(liao)的尺寸大或煅燒(shao)時窯中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)度分布不勻等原因,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)含(han)有欠火石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)和過(guo)(guo)火石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)。欠火石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)的碳(tan)酸鈣未(wei)完全分解(jie),使用時缺乏粘(zhan)結力。過(guo)(guo)火石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)結構密實,表面(mian)常(chang)包覆一(yi)層熔(rong)融物,溶化很慢。由于生(sheng)產原料(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)含(han)有碳(tan)酸鎂(MgCO3),因此(ci)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)還含(han)有次要成分氧化鎂(MgO),根據氧化鎂含(han)量的多少,生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)分為鈣質石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(MgO≤5%)和鎂質石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(MgO>5%)。

  生產工藝: 原始(shi)的(de)石(shi)灰生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)工藝是將石(shi)灰石(shi)與燃(ran)(ran)料(木材)分層鋪放,引(yin)火煅燒(shao)一(yi)周即得(de)。現代則采用機(ji)械化(hua)、半機(ji)械化(hua)立窯(yao)以(yi)及(ji)回(hui)(hui)轉窯(yao)、沸騰(teng)爐等設備(bei)(bei)進(jin)行生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)。煅燒(shao)時(shi)間也相應地(di)縮短,用回(hui)(hui)轉窯(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)石(shi)灰僅(jin)需(xu)2~4小時(shi),比用立窯(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)可提高(gao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)效率5倍(bei)以(yi)上。近年來,又出(chu)現了橫流式、雙斜坡式及(ji)燒(shao)油環行立窯(yao)和(he)帶預(yu)熱(re)器的(de)短回(hui)(hui)轉窯(yao)等節能效果(guo)顯著的(de)工藝和(he)設備(bei)(bei),燃(ran)(ran)料也擴大為煤、焦炭、重油或液化(hua)氣等。

  用途編輯生石灰(hui)是(shi)采用化學(xue)吸收(shou)法除去水(shui)蒸氣的(de)(de)常用干燥(zao)劑,也用于(yu)鋼鐵、農藥(yao)、醫藥(yao)、干燥(zao)劑、制(zhi)革及醇的(de)(de)脫水(shui)等。特(te)別(bie)適(shi)用于(yu)膨化食(shi)品(pin)、香菇、木耳等土特(te)產,以(yi)及儀(yi)(yi)表儀(yi)(yi)器、醫藥(yao)、服飾、電子電訊、皮革、紡織等行業的(de)(de)產品(pin)。

  石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)用(yong)做(zuo)建筑材(cai)料(liao),也是(shi)許多工業的(de)重要(yao)原料(liao)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可直(zhi)接加(jia)工成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)和燒(shao)(shao)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)是(shi)CaO,一般(ban)呈塊狀,純(chun)的(de)為(wei)(wei)(wei)白色,含有(you)(you)(you)雜質時為(wei)(wei)(wei)淡灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)色或淡黃色。生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)吸潮或加(jia)水就成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)消石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),消石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也叫(jiao)熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),它的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)是(shi)Ca(OH)2。熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)經(jing)調配成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)漿、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)膏(gao)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)砂(sha)漿等(deng),用(yong)作涂裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)和磚瓦粘合劑(ji)。純(chun)堿(jian)是(shi)用(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、食鹽、氨(an)等(deng)原料(liao)經(jing)過多步(bu)反(fan)應制(zhi)得(de)(索爾維法)。利用(yong)消石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和純(chun)堿(jian)反(fan)應制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)燒(shao)(shao)堿(jian)(苛化(hua)法)。礦床共(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)1286處(chu)(chu),其(qi)(qi)中大(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)礦床257處(chu)(chu)、中型(xing)(xing)481處(chu)(chu)、小型(xing)(xing)486處(chu)(chu)(礦石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儲(chu)(chu)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于8000萬噸(dun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)、4000~8000萬噸(dun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中型(xing)(xing)、小于4000萬噸(dun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)小型(xing)(xing)),共(gong)(gong)計保(bao)(bao)有(you)(you)(you)礦石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儲(chu)(chu)量(liang)(liang)542億(yi)噸(dun),其(qi)(qi)中石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)巖(yan)儲(chu)(chu)量(liang)(liang)504億(yi)噸(dun),占(zhan)93%;大(da)(da)理巖(yan)儲(chu)(chu)量(liang)(liang)38億(yi)噸(dun),占(zhan)7%。保(bao)(bao)有(you)(you)(you)儲(chu)(chu)量(liang)(liang)廣泛(fan)分(fen)布于除上海(hai)市以外29個省(sheng)(sheng)、直(zhi)轄市、自(zi)治區,其(qi)(qi)中陜西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)保(bao)(bao)有(you)(you)(you)儲(chu)(chu)量(liang)(liang)49億(yi)噸(dun),為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國之冠;其(qi)(qi)余依次(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)安徽省(sheng)(sheng)、廣西(xi)自(zi)治區、四川(chuan)(含重慶市)省(sheng)(sheng),各保(bao)(bao)有(you)(you)(you)儲(chu)(chu)量(liang)(liang)34~30億(yi)噸(dun);山(shan)東(dong)(dong)、河北、河南、廣東(dong)(dong)、遼寧(ning)、湖(hu)南、湖(hu)北7省(sheng)(sheng)各保(bao)(bao)有(you)(you)(you)儲(chu)(chu)量(liang)(liang)30~20億(yi)噸(dun);黑(hei)龍江、浙(zhe)江、江蘇、貴州、江西(xi)、云南、福建、山(shan)西(xi)、新疆、吉(ji)林、內蒙古、青海(hai)、甘(gan)肅13省(sheng)(sheng)各保(bao)(bao)有(you)(you)(you)儲(chu)(chu)量(liang)(liang)20~10億(yi)噸(dun);北京、寧(ning)夏(xia)、海(hai)南、西(xi)藏、天津5省(sheng)(sheng)各保(bao)(bao)有(you)(you)(you)儲(chu)(chu)量(liang)(liang)2~5億(yi)噸(dun)。

  生(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)灰污(wu)水(shui)(shui)治理(li)(li)(li)已成(cheng)為關乎經濟社會(hui)和(he)諧(xie)發展的一項重大(da)問(wen)題(ti)。在(zai)控(kong)制工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)污(wu)染物排(pai)放量(liang)的增長方面,國(guo)家采取嚴格措施,生(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)灰對造(zao)紙、釀造(zao)、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、印染行業(ye)(ye)(ye),加(jia)大(da)治理(li)(li)(li)和(he)改造(zao)力度,淘汰(tai)高耗水(shui)(shui)、重污(wu)染的落后工(gong)(gong)藝和(he)設備(bei)。我國(guo)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)和(he)城市化(hua)進程(cheng)不(bu)斷(duan)推進,生(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)灰工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)和(he)城市污(wu)水(shui)(shui)排(pai)放量(liang)逐年(nian)增加(jia),因不(bu)達(da)標排(pai)放給環(huan)境造(zao)成(cheng)了巨大(da)壓(ya)力和(he)危害(hai),生(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)灰在(zai)鋼鐵、電力、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、煤(mei)炭等重點行業(ye)(ye)(ye)、推廣廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)循環(huan)利(li)用(yong),提(ti)高工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)重復(fu)利(li)用(yong)率。同(tong)時,生(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)灰工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)藝、技術不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)高,生(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)灰給水(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)(li)絮凝劑(ji)也提(ti)出了新(xin)的要求。

  應用

  1.可作(zuo)填(tian)充劑,例如:用作(zuo)環氧膠黏劑的填(tian)充劑;

  2.用(yong)作(zuo)分(fen)析試劑,氣(qi)體分(fen)析時用(yong)作(zuo)二(er)氧化碳、二(er)氧化硫吸收劑,光譜分(fen)析試劑,高純(chun)試劑用(yong)于半導體生產中的外延、擴散(san)工序,實驗室氨氣(qi)的干(gan)燥及醇類脫l水等;

  3.用(yong)作原料,可制(zhi)造電(dian)石、純(chun)堿、漂白粉等,也(ye)用(yong)于(yu)制(zhi)革(ge)、廢水凈(jing)化(hua),氫氧(yang)化(hua)鈣及(ji)各種(zhong)鈣化(hua)合物;

  4.可用作(zuo)建筑(zhu)材料、冶金助(zhu)熔劑(ji),水泥速(su)凝(ning)劑(ji),熒光粉的助(zhu)熔劑(ji)。

  5.用作植(zhi)物油脫(tuo)色劑,藥物載體,土(tu)壤改良劑和(he)鈣肥;

  6.還(huan)可用于耐火(huo)材(cai)料、干燥劑;

  7.可配制農機1、2號膠(jiao)和水下環(huan)氧(yang)膠(jiao)黏劑,還用作(zuo)與(yu)2402樹脂預(yu)反(fan)應的反(fan)應劑;

  8.用于酸性廢水處理及污(wu)泥調(diao)質(zhi);

  9.還可用作(zuo)鍋爐(lu)(lu)停用保(bao)護(hu)劑,利用石灰的吸濕能(neng)力,使鍋爐(lu)(lu)水汽系統的金(jin)屬表面保(bao)持干(gan)燥(zao),防止(zhi)腐蝕,適用于(yu)低壓(ya)、中壓(ya)、小容(rong)量汽包鍋爐(lu)(lu)的長期停用保(bao)護(hu);

  10.可以和水反應(ying)(ying)制備氫氧化鈣,反應(ying)(ying)方程式:CaO+H?O=Ca(OH)2,屬于化合反應(ying)(ying)。

  生石灰超微粉碎設備,蒸汽動能磨、球磨分級機、氣流粉碎機、氣流分級機等設備

  由(you)埃爾派自主研制的粉碎機(ji)、分級機(ji),以及顆(ke)粒整(zheng)形、包覆、修(xiu)飾等(deng)關鍵技(ji)術的突破,打破了國(guo)外技(ji)術壁壘,填補了國(guo)內行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)空白,大大推進了醫藥(yao)、食品、化工、礦物、新材料、固廢處理等(deng)領域的技(ji)術進步和產業(ye)(ye)(ye)升級。先后(hou)榮(rong)獲科(ke)技(ji)部“科(ke)技(ji)型中小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術創新基金”、“山(shan)(shan)東省首批瞪羚企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)”、“山(shan)(shan)東省隱形冠軍企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)”、“高新技(ji)術企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)”、“中國(guo)專利山(shan)(shan)東明星(xing)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)”等(deng)榮(rong)譽稱號。

  從問題咨(zi)詢到方案設計(ji),埃爾派(pai)為客戶(hu)提供(gong)最(zui)專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)解答和(he)最(zui)全面的(de)(de)(de)解決辦法,并協助客戶(hu)擬定施工方案,為客戶(hu)提供(gong)最(zui)專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)“保姆級”私人訂制服務。埃爾派(pai)已服務超(chao)過3000家(jia)海(hai)內外客戶(hu),銷路(lu)遍(bian)布(bu)亞(ya)、非、歐、美(mei)與大洋洲的(de)(de)(de)100多(duo)個國家(jia)和(he)地區,歸納統計(ji)了上萬種物料的(de)(de)(de)超(chao)微粉(fen)碎(sui)分級解決方案,贏(ying)得了客戶(hu)們的(de)(de)(de)廣泛(fan)贊譽。

  加強環境(jing)(jing)保護和(he)降低氣候變化(hua)風險是企(qi)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)必要條件,埃爾(er)派一切(qie)行為(wei)(wei)意(yi)識均從創造美好環境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)角度出發,恪守“綠色發展(zhan)(zhan),環保優(you)先”的(de)(de)不(bu)二(er)法則,用工(gong)業(ye)余熱作為(wei)(wei)動力源(yuan),為(wei)(wei)粉(fen)煤(mei)灰(hui)、礦(kuang)渣、鋼渣、尾礦(kuang)、貧位礦(kuang)、池泥等工(gong)業(ye)固廢做高附加值綜合利用的(de)(de)循環經濟解決方案(an)。

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